The aim of this Output is to explore the state of art of existing dual learning programmes, analysing how they are implemented, regulated and managed, in which frameworks they are comprised, what are the best practices, experiences and the effects of dual programmes. In particular, the outcome will contain an analysis of the relation between the student, the learning agency and the employers; an analysis of the experience of students enrolled in dual learning programmes; an analysis of the impermeability of HEIs to dual learning schemes, in terms of the possibility to introduce the new curriculum, how to evaluate the results along with existing evaluation methods, how to regulate and manage the dual activities, etc. Lastly, strengths and shortcomings of dual approach - together with critical issues related to the pedagogical, administrative, regulatory and juridical aspects - will be identified.